Greek Review Guide
Review on Ancient Greece
Civilizations and Rivers:
Mesopotamia river- Tigris and Euphrates
India river- Indus
China river- Huang He
Egypt river- Nile
Grecian Geography:
-located on a mountainous peninsula
-mountains cover 3/4 of Greece
-about 2000 islands in the Ionian and Aegean seas
-Due to being surrounded by water, there were many skilled ship builders and sailors so that food could be collected
-small, independent communities called city-states were created, these were what the Greeks were loyal to
-only 20% of land was arable (suitable for farming)
-Greek Diet contained: grains, grapes, olives, and fish
Mycenaeans, Dorians, Minoans
-Mycenae was protected by a 20-ft thick wall, located on Peloponnesus
-In 1400 BCE Mycenaeans invaded Crete and absorbed the Minoan culture (their writing system, language, art, religion, etc.) this is called cultural diffusion
-Eventually, the "sea people
invaded Mycenae, leading to the Dorians moving into the Mycenaean area
-Dorians were less advanced and during their era writing disappeared for 400 years
Greek Storytelling
-Homer was a great story teller who composed epics such as The Iliad and The Odyssey
-The Iliad- one of the last conquests of the Mycenaeans (the Trojan War)
-The Odyssey- Odysseus attempts to return home after the Trojan War, being thwarted by the angry god of the sea, Poseidon
-Homeric Question: Did Homer really exist or was he a creation?
Government Terms
Polis- fundamental political unit, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside, base for words like politics, policy, etc.
Monarchy- rule by one person (a king)
Aristocracy- Rule by a small group of noble, very rich, landowning families
Oligarchy- wealthy groups, dissatisfied with aristocratic rule, who seized power(usually with military help)
Tyrant- Powerful individual who seized control by appealing to the common people for support
Symposium- meetings where aristocrats would go and discuss politics while enjoying wine, poetry, performances by dancers and acrobats, etc.
-aristocrats would sometimes form alliances with well armed soldiers called hoplites and set up a tyranny
Direct democracy- rule is based on citizenship, majority rule decides vote
Agora- place where citizens argued, made speeches and voted with black stones for no and white stones for yes.
Tyrants
Draco- strict tyrant, allowed debt slavery, mostly all punishments were death, all citizens were equal under the law. Leadership led to the term draconian which means harsh rule.
Solon- Less strict tyrant, outlawed debt slavery, all citizens could speak at assemblies, any citizen can press charges.
Cleisthenes- Reformed both tyrants rules, all citizens could submit laws for debate, created the council of five hundred
Council of Five Hundred- members were chosen at random to counsel the assembly
-Democracy begins in 508 BCE when Cleisthenes supporters took Isagoras out of office
Civilizations and Rivers:
Mesopotamia river- Tigris and Euphrates
India river- Indus
China river- Huang He
Egypt river- Nile
Grecian Geography:
-located on a mountainous peninsula
-mountains cover 3/4 of Greece
-about 2000 islands in the Ionian and Aegean seas
-Due to being surrounded by water, there were many skilled ship builders and sailors so that food could be collected
-small, independent communities called city-states were created, these were what the Greeks were loyal to
-only 20% of land was arable (suitable for farming)
-Greek Diet contained: grains, grapes, olives, and fish
Mycenaeans, Dorians, Minoans
-Mycenae was protected by a 20-ft thick wall, located on Peloponnesus
-In 1400 BCE Mycenaeans invaded Crete and absorbed the Minoan culture (their writing system, language, art, religion, etc.) this is called cultural diffusion
-Eventually, the "sea people
invaded Mycenae, leading to the Dorians moving into the Mycenaean area
-Dorians were less advanced and during their era writing disappeared for 400 years
Greek Storytelling
-Homer was a great story teller who composed epics such as The Iliad and The Odyssey
-The Iliad- one of the last conquests of the Mycenaeans (the Trojan War)
-The Odyssey- Odysseus attempts to return home after the Trojan War, being thwarted by the angry god of the sea, Poseidon
-Homeric Question: Did Homer really exist or was he a creation?
Government Terms
Polis- fundamental political unit, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside, base for words like politics, policy, etc.
Monarchy- rule by one person (a king)
Aristocracy- Rule by a small group of noble, very rich, landowning families
Oligarchy- wealthy groups, dissatisfied with aristocratic rule, who seized power(usually with military help)
Tyrant- Powerful individual who seized control by appealing to the common people for support
Symposium- meetings where aristocrats would go and discuss politics while enjoying wine, poetry, performances by dancers and acrobats, etc.
-aristocrats would sometimes form alliances with well armed soldiers called hoplites and set up a tyranny
Direct democracy- rule is based on citizenship, majority rule decides vote
Agora- place where citizens argued, made speeches and voted with black stones for no and white stones for yes.
Tyrants
Draco- strict tyrant, allowed debt slavery, mostly all punishments were death, all citizens were equal under the law. Leadership led to the term draconian which means harsh rule.
Solon- Less strict tyrant, outlawed debt slavery, all citizens could speak at assemblies, any citizen can press charges.
Cleisthenes- Reformed both tyrants rules, all citizens could submit laws for debate, created the council of five hundred
Council of Five Hundred- members were chosen at random to counsel the assembly
-Democracy begins in 508 BCE when Cleisthenes supporters took Isagoras out of office
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