Emperors

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The Second Triumvirate:
-Octavian begins this triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus
 -Octavian is Caesar's grand nephew
-This triumvirate doesn't go over well, Lepidus is forced by Octavian to retire and he and Mark Antony also become rivals
-Mark Antony begins to fight with Cleopatra and Egypt and he is defeated at the Battle of Actium
After the Triumvirate/Octavian's Rule:
-Octavian became the ruler of Rome and was given the titles "Augustus" (exalted one) and "imperator"(supreme military commander)
-Rome is now an empire
-emperor comes from imperator
-During his 4o year rule, Octavian began a 207 year long era of Roman peace called pax Romana
Octavian's Accomplishments:
-He expanded the Roman Empire further into Africa
-set up civil service to help run the empire
-built roads
-collected taxes
-established a postal service
-administered grain supply
-built new buildings and aqueducts
-set up a police department
-created a fire-fighting organization
After Octavian's Death:
Tiberius:
-ruled from AD 14 to AD 37
-he was a great general and a reluctant empire
-he left Rome after his son died
-he died at 77
Caligula:
-Ruled from AD 37 to AD 41
-Won a power struggle after Tiberius died which is how he came into power
-He was very cruel, perseverant, and extravagant. a tyrant
-He was assassinated by praetorian guards, Senators, and the imperial court; their goal was to fix the Republic, but they failed.
Claudius:
-Ruled from AD 41 to AD 54
-he had a limp, stammered, shook, and slobbered, he may have had cerebral palsy
-Gained power because he was the last in his family
-Started the conquest of Britain, built roads, aqueducts, and canals.
-He was poisoned by his last wife so Nero could come into power.
Nero:
-Ruled from AD 54 to AD 68
-During his rule, the arts were very important
-After a fire in AD 64 he wanted to rebuild all of Rome but he went over budget and stole money from temples



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